阔叶红松林的生物量和营养元素含量的研究

一、研究内容和方法我们于1985—1987年对小兴安岭阔叶红松林的生物量进行了研究。生物量的测定是在凉水自然保护区的阔叶红松林内进行的。林龄220年,组成8红2椴,林分平均高23.1m,平均直径37.4cm。其中红松平均高27.2m,平均直径45.2cm,密度622株/ha,针     

水胺硫磷在早熟苹果辽伏中的残留习性

对早熟苹果辽伏喷布40％水胺硫磷1000倍液。喷后27d,果皮及果肉中残留量分别降至0.182mg·1~(-1)和0.028mg·1~(-1)。果皮中水胺硫磷残留含量一直呈下降趋势,但果肉中水胺硫磷含量在喷后前7d却在增加,第7天之后才呈下降。经对果皮及果肉中水胺硫磷含量的差比分析认为,果肉中水胺硫磷含量在喷后前7d增加,是果皮中农药向果肉中渗透大于果肉中农药消解所致。     

基于径向基神经网络的叶轮轴面投影图优化

为了提高余热排出泵的效率,采用拉丁超立方试验设计方法对叶轮轴面投影图上的前盖板圆弧半径、后盖板圆弧半径、前盖板倾角和后盖板倾角4个几何变量进行35组叶轮方案设计,应用ANSYS CFX 14.5软件对余热排出泵进行定常数值模拟,得到设计工况下的效率,应用径向基神经网络建立效率与轴面投影图的4个几何变量之间的近似模型,最后采用遗传算法对近似模型进行极值寻优,获得最优的轴面投影图几何参数组合。研究结果表明:对比原始泵的数值模拟性能曲线和试验外特性能曲线,两者吻合较好;径向基神经网络能较好地预测泵设计点效率;优化的轴面投影图使得余热排出泵的水力效率提高了6.18个百分点,改善了叶轮内流场特性。因此,叶轮轴面投影图的优化设计方法是可行的。     

振动时效机理及其对疲劳寿命的影响分析

运用细观力学的方法分析位错及其塞积群的应力场,在此基础上研究外力作用下塞积的开通与残余应力释放的关系,得出了使内部残余应力得到宏观释放的激振动应力条件为残余应力和激振动应力之和应大于材料的屈服应力。同时从微观角度揭示了振动时效时,工件内部位错密度增大、位错分布更趋均匀的过程,并得出适当的振动应力可以使工件的疲劳寿命提高的结论。最后用实验验证了振动对位错的影响。     

基于余压控制的液压制动系统性能研究

为了提高液压制动系统的性能,分析了制动效能的影响因素和矿用自卸车液压制动系统的原理。建立了液压制动系统简化模型,并对其关键元件制动踏板阀进行了特性分析。应用AMESim建立了液压制动系统的仿真模型,研究了参数变化对系统性能的影响,提出了余压控制减小制动器作用时间的方法,试验结果验证了仿真分析的正确性和余压控制的可行性,减小了制动器作用时间,缩短了制动距离,使制动性能大大提高。     

Legume–barley intercropping stimulates soil N supply and crop yield in the succeeding durum wheat in a rotation under rainfed conditions

Legume–cereal intercropping is increasingly being appreciated in dryland areas, where severe climatic conditions and intensive agricultural practices, generally dominated by continuous cereal cultivation, determine depletion of soil nutrient resources and decline of soil fertility. This research aimed to assess whether and to what extent a newly introduced legume-based intercropping system is able to ameliorate the biological fertility status of an arable soil in a way that is still noticeable during the succeeding durum wheat cropping season in terms of changes in bacterial community structure, soil C and N pools, and crop yield. A field experiment was carried out under rainfed conditions in Southern Italy on a sandy clay loam soil cultivated with durum wheat following in the rotation a recently established grain legume (pea, faba bean)–barley intercropping. Soil chemical, biochemical and eco-physiological variables together with compositional shifts in the bacterial community structure by LH-PCR fingerprinting were determined at four sampling times during the durum wheat cropping season. Soil fertility was estimated by using a revised version of the biological fertility index. Results showed that even though the microbial biomass was significantly altered, the preceding legume intercrops stimulated C-related functional variables thus leading to an increased release of mineral N, which was larger in crop treatments succeeding pea-based than faba bean-based intercropping. The increased N made available in soil enabled the succeeding durum wheat to achieve an adequate grain yield with a reduced N-fertilizer use. Soil type and environmental conditions rather than crop treatments were major determinants of bacterial community structure. The biological fertility status was not varied, suggesting that in intensively managed rainfed areas long-term crop rotations with intercropped legumes are needed to consistently ameliorate it.     

ELISE测定猪尿、猪肝中克伦特罗残留的研究

ELISA(酶联免疫吸附法)测定猪尿、猪肝中违禁药物克伦特罗残留量影响实验结果表明,德国拜发与北京望尔生产的两种ELISA试剂盒具有操作简单、时间短、成本低、敏感度高等特点。在室温20-22℃条件下,试验制备过程中必须做到控温度、控转速、控流速及洗板过程中应注意事项,这样可大大提高在实际操作过程中检测的准确性。     

动物专用头孢喹诺的研究进展

头孢喹诺是动物专用的第4代头孢菌素类抗生素,具有广泛的抗菌和强大的杀菌作用。其抗菌活性极强,对临床分离的各种革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌的MIC50、MIC90值均较小;其药动学特点优良,吸收快,达峰时间短,生物利用度较高,药时曲线下面积较大,表现分布容积也很大;头孢喹诺毒性低,在动物的可食用组织中残留较少,安全性较高。国外已将该药应用于猪、牛的呼吸系统感染及牛乳房炎的治疗。为指导头孢喹诺在我国兽医临床上的合理应用,现对其抗菌活性、药动学、残留及毒性、临床应用等最新资料进行综述。     

原子吸收次灵敏线法直接测定土壤中Fe、Mn

用原子吸收次灵敏线法塞曼效应扣除背景测定土壤中Fe、Mn,实验结果表明:此方法有较好的准确度,精密度,操作简单,适合一般土壤中Fe、Mn的测定。     

冲压机箱型主体焊接生产工艺探讨

大型冲压机械箱体结构的焊接制造,除要采取良好的结构设计之外,焊接施工流程也是确保焊接结构件质量的关键。对设备制造厂而言,可以将制造过程和所有焊接工艺参数标准化,用来指导生产实践。